Recently Ajtai described a construction of one-way functions whose
security is equivalent to the difficulty of some well known approximation
problems in lattices. We show that essentially the same
construction can also be used to obtain collision-free hashing.
We put forward a new type of
computationally-sound proof systems, called universal-arguments,
which are related but different from both CS-proofs (as defined
by Micali) and arguments (as defined by Brassard, Chaum and
Crepeau). In particular, we adopt the instance-based
prover-efficiency paradigm of CS-proofs, but follow the
computational-soundness condition of ...
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